The Basic Concepts of Genetics and Understanding the Human Condition

The human body is a complex systems of microscopic elements were made of complex forms of protein chains and cells. However, what identify us as different from any other person in the world are our genes and that is what genetics is all about. We always hear people saying "It's all in the genes" when they are being complemented for looking good or having some good talents. The genes and the very fiber of our identity, our DNA, make us unique from all others and make us look the way we do. Today, seasoned geneticists are using these elements in order to tackle on more serious issue, analyzing and treating diseases that are caused by genetic anomalies.
To understand more the concept of Genetics, it is essential to understand some commonly used terminologies. Our bodies are made up of billions of cells. Each cell contains the so called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These are wrapped in a bundle to create the so called chromosomes. The normal quantity of chromosomes will be 23 pairs and that means we have 46 all in all. Some cells, like the sperm and egg cells only have half of the chromosomes since when the sperm and egg cells come into contact, the number of chromosomes will again equal to 46.
When studying genetics, we look into the genes. These are segments of the DNA that are carried on the chromosomes and they offer the particular traits and characteristics that will be dominant to the person like eye color, hair, and other aspects that can be gauged and determined. We are all unique since one individual will have around 25 thousand genes and up and that creates a multitude of combinations. The genes are critical when studying various human conditions since the genes are contain the genetic information. Some will have the predisposition to acquire certain illnesses as determined by the genes.
The studies on genetics has become critical in the understanding of conditions like Down's Syndrome, hemophilia and thousands of other diseases that are determined by certain mutation in the genetic level. Some will be considered carriers of the characteristics but it may not be present in them since these are recessive. However, there is a possibility that if you have a child, the recessive gene could be passed. That is why married couples also undergo testing to see if they carry certain conditions and make the proper decisions for their child bearing. Today, the field of genetics is still expanding. With the help of new studies regarding genetic diseases, people can become more informed and more open minded about such occurrences.

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Amazing Facts Concerning the Digestive System

We are going to give some interesting facts concerning the digestive system! These facts can help you in the end, and you will be that much better of an expert in your field, so let's start shall we?
Organs that Make up the Digestive system
Here are some of the organs that make up the digestive system. The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. These are part of the digestive tract, now there are more but they aren't associated with the digestive tract.
These include the tongue, glands in the mouth area that produce saliva, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. All of these make up the digestive system and help you digest your food, and are in the complex process of producing fuel for your body!
Some Fun Facts
Did You Know That the human body actually creates one to three pints of saliva every 24 hours?
Also, The liver actually helps out with the inspection of the food. The liver actually detoxifies your body and the nutrients, it gets rid of anything that is considered an impurity! This is why it is key to keep your liver in high health because of it's role in the digestion process. It's also the largest organ that is currently in the body.
Another amazing fact is the fact that the foods and liquids that we take in our stomach are actually mixed with digestive juices. These juices, are mixed together until they are broken down and small enough to absorbed into the system, this adds up to eleven and a half liters which will go through our digestive system. A small amount of that has absolutely no use to the human body and gets passed through the body as feces. The food that you do eat stays in your stomach for about two to three hours.

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Importance of Learning Human Anatomy

When medical students identify that they have got to research human anatomy, they end up so unsatisfied that it sometimes brings moans and groans to their lips. One check at an anatomy publication is quite often good enough to send some folks running for the hills. Even if it is a very difficult section of analysis, mastering human anatomy is remarkably significant. Irrelevant of what subject of study someone is adjoined in, mastering anatomy is always going to be a advantageous thing. Even if the major subjects of a learner are something from Pre-med to English Literature, there is a decent purpose for you to understand anatomy. The subsequent are the top motives to study human anatomy.
The most self evident purpose to understand anatomy is if you are thinking about to grow to be a doctor, nurse or physician's assistant. Persons who are intending on treating people's bodily diseases definitely need to have a stable knowledge of the human body and its functions. There is understandably no more important class for persons entering the field of medicine compared with the class of anatomy. This is one particular class for which you need to be wide conscious, take decent notes and dedicate yourself thoroughly. Anyone in the medical field that puts in the time to learn the body's arrangement and function well will find themselves well equipped to sort out anything that comes their way in the long term future.
Though medical students may profit the most from the study of anatomy, the ones having other areas as their majors will find learning anatomy as a very helpful thing that is going to be remarkably important in the forthcoming. For example, young people who are thinking about on being fitness instructors will need a firm grasp of how the human body works out.
Psychology students will profit from understanding anatomy too. After all, psychology is really the study of how the brain works. It is unachievable to genuinely appreciate why people suppose the way they do if you do not fully understand how the arrangement of brain is put-together and how it is physically doing work. Mastering anatomy will train psychology students how the brain runs electro-chemically, as well as how it goes in association with the nervous system, endocrine system and all of the other fundamental systems of the human body.
Those learners not in the sciences will benefit from understanding about human anatomy as well. Students planning on entering law school will benefit really from study in this area. Anytime that a case includes bodily trauma or sickness, lawyers will be very cheerful that they took the time to learn about how the body works.
Even for those whose career do not demand a need for awareness of the body, study in this area will pay dividends. People who know how the body runs will be able to take more suitable care of their bodies and remain in far better health. They will also be aware of when their body is not running as it must, so they will be confident enough to get themselves into the doctor's office well before a physical problem can reach a detrimental level. The amazing benefits of reading through human anatomy are there for everyone.

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Modification of the DNA Through Behavior

The study of the DNA is merely past 50 years old only but the discoveries that were done using this strand of an organism have lead to some really interesting studies. One of them is how a mother rat's groom of her offspring can determine the activation or silencing of various genes on the brain and how this seemingly outward activity can change the behavior of the mouse when it grows up. However, even with this hype of manipulating the genes, there are still very little studies on how behavior can manipulate the genes and there were studies that show that diet and smoking can actually alter genes.
The study of how the genes change is called epigenetics. Or course this is no radical change in the genetic sequence. A lot of scientists are lukewarm about this study since most of them are studying how genes can actually determine everything human. This study tells that the genes or the DNA is just the gateway to understanding the genetic traits. The craze for epigenetics has increased in the previous years with many publications and television shows as well as doctors saying that whatever you eat can determine the changes in the genes of a person. For a pregnant woman, it can also affect the baby with the turning off or on of the genes.
Before, there is the fear of epigenetics not being taken seriously since it has a high risk of getting over hyped. The great thing is that there are current studies that are establishing this discipline as a valid science. There was a study conducted revealing that the people who eat leafy and green veggies as well as taking folate and multivitamins can affect the genes and reduce the possibilities of getting lung cancer. In a study conducted to more than a thousand smokers and past smokers, they observed 8 particular genes and if they are off or in methylation, there is a higher risk of getting lung cancer.
Those people in the said diet consisting of greens, veggies, folate, vitamin C, carotenoids, folic acid, lutein as well as vitamins A and K can reduce the methylation of the DNA at around 20% and with the help of multivitamins, it could shrink to 50%. This study does not just appeal to occurrence of cancers but also heart diseases. For disease prevention, the studies and results offered by epigenetics might be more substantial compared to mere genetics.

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Science in Coordination With Nature

Nature teaches us a lot. Science is the discovery of truth, discovery of reality. Science is the mean for knowing ourselves. We look, observe, analyze the nature and act accordingly. We adopt ourselves in a manner so as to make ourselves best suited to the existing environment. The main thing in our life is adaptability. Better we can adopt better we are able to live. Cockroaches are known the most successful life forms in the entire history of earth, only due to their ability to adopt themselves in the prevailing environments. Cockroaches were freely roaming millions of years ago, to the time of the dinosaurs till now. They know better how to make themselves suitable for a new environment.
Lot of discoveries has been made by scientists that were inspired by the nature. Airplanes were discovered when men saw the birds flying in the skies. The life in water induced humans to make the vessels thorough which they can also enjoy the living in water. This activity of humans or other animals to copy the other life forms is studied under the name biomimicry. The scientists are giving great stress on this branch of science to solve number of problems which were unsolved or difficult to solve.
If we look on the examples of biomimicry, there are several such examples in which nature has played the role of teacher and mentor for the new and strange discoveries. Few of them which are popular include the discovery of Velcro in year 1941 by George de Mestral who was an engineer in Switzerland. He saw the burrs on his dog's body. When examined microscopically, he saw the spines of the burrs had tiny hooks at the terminal ends by which the burrs used to stick to the dogs body hairs. This observation led him to discover Velcro which is very popular now and used in patches or stripes opposite a hooked material. Another fantastic example of biomimicry is inspired by the high rise termite's house which is kept at constant temperature inside using convection currents produced by opening and closing the vents thereby allowing cool air to enter from the base and hot air to go by the upper chimneys. This observation lead to manufacturing of passively air conditioned high rise building of modern cities.
Another biomimic discovery named super hydrophobic surface of plastics and metals is inspired by the bumpy surface of lotus leaves on which water does not sticks, rolls over it and picks the dirty particles and make the surface glossy. Like the regeneration capacity of animal's skin, scientists have discovered self healing plastic to be used in the airplanes and space shuttles. A very important discovery is in offing in the recent future inspired by the photosynthesis process of plants in which water and carbon dioxide are converted to glucose and oxygen in presence of sunlight. Using the same principle which will be called as artificial photosynthesis, water would be split to oxygen and hydrogen to be used for vehicle fuel, a renewable source of energy. Several such examples of biomimicry are there which would make the world more natural and more livable.

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Classic Italian Pasta Dishes

Italian pasta has the widest variety in size, shape and preparation. Every region in Italy has its own favored shape, preparation, and recipe.
Pasta is basically unleavened dough from buckwheat or wheat flour plus water. It comes in various shapes and sizes such as spaghetti, or thin string pasta; the cylinders and tubes of macaroni; and lasagna which has a layered structure. There are two ways to make these, with eggs or without eggs. Those made without eggs can last up to two years but those that utilize eggs should be refrigerated as they spoil in a matter of days.
Classic Italian pasta dishes have been cooked now all over the world. In Asia macaroni and spaghetti are the most favorite as a part of western style cooking. The Japanese prefer Neapolitan and Bolognese approach to pasta preparation the most. In Latin America, almost all the varieties are present especially in places where many people have Italian ancestry. It is also served with native cuisine like köttfärssås in Sweden.
Generally, cooking pasta itself means boiling it. This is the main similarity between most of the pasta dishes. A variety of ingredients are used to cook sauces. They include different types of meat from pork to ground beef; various types of vegetable; and the spices that make the taste special. The only limitation on a person cooking Italian pasta would be the extent of that person's imagination. This has given rise to the plethora of classic recipes each Italian region offers.
One of the more popular ways of preparation is pouring sauce over string pasta. In this method, the sauce is what will make the dish spectacular. It could be tomato based, milk based, or some other ways of preparation. Ingredients like ground beef, onions, basil leaves and many others could be used depending on the taste.
The pasta could be cooked separate from the sauce then mixed later on or have the sauce poured over it. The ingredients could also be mixed with the pasta or applied to it and then baked. Frankly, there are many more ways to cook pasta. It is an adventure not just for those who enjoy eating it but also for those who cook it.

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Pasta Salad

Pasta salad is a tasty salad dish that can be cooked with a mesmerizing mix of pasta tossed along with a wide variety of ingredients and dressing. With the popularity of this variant of food products, you can find so many different types of pasta items from glass noodle salads of Vietnam to incredible American macaroni salad. The dish can be prepared in a numerous ways adding a different yet mouth watering taste lingers on your tongue. Basically known as a summer food, pasta food is being served as an appetizer or side. However, in some regions, it can be used in the main course menu.
Salad uses pasta as the main ingredient. To make it tastier and creamy, a variety of other types of pasta can be used. By adding different shapes and textures of pasta, you will get a better feel and create the absolutely right visual interest. Taking as a general rule, you should avoid using filled pastas in your recipes if you do not have prior experience of using them. Also, by using large shaped pastas, you will not bring in the right appearance of your dish. In addition, expert cooks always recommend cooking pasta al dente, so it appears soggier after presented in a perfect blend with other interesting ingredients in your special salad.
When you pasta salad is ready, choose the best dressing for your dish to give it a perfect final touch. Add a perfect union of vinaigrette made with vinegar, oil salt, and pepper.

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Pasta Fazool Recipe

Pasta Fazool or sometimes called Pasta Fagioli, meaning pasta and beans, is a hearty soup enjoyed by thousands of people from all around the world. There are many ways to make this hearty delicious soup, but in this article I will show you the fastest and easiest way.
I love cooking, but sometimes due to lack of time or exhaustion at the end of a hard day I just want something that is quick and easy. And if your daily schedule is anything like mine, then I think you too will find this super easy pasta fazool recipe a blessing after a long day.
The Ingredients
The real beauty of this pasta fazool recipe is that the ingredients are super simple and the it is extremely easy to scale the recipe to create larger amounts with virtually no additional effort or time.
Use equal portions (cans/ounces) of tomato soup and pork and beans. One cup of dried small pasta such as elbow macaroni or ditalini for each portion of the soup and beans, and that's it!.
I told you it was super easy, and it really does not get any easier than this. As far as spices go you really only need a little salt and pepper, but certainly you could always add your own favorite spices.
Cooking the Pasta Fazool
In this example I will create what I call the double batch, which will make approximately 6 to 8 servings. In a sauce pan add 2 cans of tomato soup and two cans of water. Stir and heat over low to medium heat.
In separate pot add 4 quarts of water and set burner to high and bring to a boil. Stir in 2 cups of pasta to the boiling water and cook uncovered for 9 to 11 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Stir in 2 cans of pork & beans to the tomato soup, and stir occasionally. Drain the pasta when cooked and add it to the tomato soup and beans.
Turn off the burner and slowly mix the soup. Taste and season with salt and pepper to your taste preference, and voila! The Pasta Fazool is finito.
Serve this hearty soup with a freshly tossed salad and your favorite bread, and you have a hot nutritious meal made in less than 15 minutes.
Bon appetit!

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Chicken Pastas

Some people say chicken pastas are not an ideal diet, especially those wanting a slim and belly fat free figure. But none can resist when it is served during mealtime. In fact, it is even becoming more and more popular as one of the most devoured menus.
Chicken and pasta are a great combo meal and are often quick and easy to prepare and can be cooked with various spices and sauces or leave room for experiments. This type of pasta recipe comes in different preparation with different ingredients.
Chicken, in the first place, can be prepared in many ways before stuffing the sauce and pasta. This includes, broiling, roasting, grilling and even baking, making the chicken meat more juicy and savory. Plus, chicken pastas can be best cooked in a saucepan and sautéed with chopped green onions and tasteful spices.
This type of pasta menu comes with various preparations and cooking styles such as broccoli chicken casserole, chicken pasta puttanesca and chicken pasta salad. These three common chicken and pasta recipes come in full package as it is often referred to as one dish meal full of carbohydrate and meat. It is also known as the hunter's food.
But why most people like to eat this pasta menu that they can't afford to miss? Chicken pasta casserole, for instance, has great combination of ingredients such as vegetable oil, dried basil leaves, dried oregano leaves, minced garlic cloves and fresh broccolis, making it a traditional menu in most family occasions.
The same with chicken casserole with pasta, pasta puttanesca with grilled chicken includes some herbs and organic ingredients like olive oil, tomato and herb sauce, dried red pepper, and dry white wine, making it the most delicious, peppery and savory pasta indulgence.
Chicken pastas, the all time family favorites are perfect chicken dish one could see in many restaurants' classic menus, making it an amazing recipe for all occasion and truly a great delight one could not afford to miss.

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Eezy Pleezy Dinner

You ever have one of those nights where the last thing you want to think about is getting dinner on the table? You are well aware that you could go to a restaurant, (or worse yet, hit the drive thru) but you aren't quite up to that either because you're already home. Well, here's an idea for you. This is such an easy dinner, and delicious to boot! Make sure you keep these in stock in the pantry (I buy two at a time so I know I always have these items): A jar of Classico Four Cheese Pasta Sauce, and a jar of Classico Sundried Tomato Alfredo Sauce. Also keep a couple of boxes of rigatoni or farfalle pasta in there.
Here's what I do to "kick it up" to a nice dinner done quickly:
1 jar Classico Four Cheese Pasta Sauce
1 jar Classico Sundried Tomato Alfredo Sauce
1 box shaped pasta (I used farfalle or rigatoni), cooked according to pkg directions.
1 green pepper and 1 red pepper
1/2 pound chicken breast, cut into small pieces (or easier yet... buy a rotisserie and pull the meat from the bone)
First I put half of the jar of Four Cheese pasta sauce into a saucepan, followed by the full jar of Sundried Tomato Alfredo sauce.
(Cutting the sauce makes it less fattening, but still mighty good.) Place that over a low burner.
Slice your peppers and saute them in a little olive oil with
Add your chicken breast and sautee for 5 to 8 minutes or until chicken is cooked through.
Toss your heated sauce with the cooked pasta and top with chicken and peppers.
Add a tossed salad and some garlic bread. Makes a lovely dinner in less than 20 minutes!
And if there's any left over, toss the remaining pasta sauce in with the chicken, peppers, and pasta, and it reheats for a dandy lunch. (Hide it in the back of the fridge if you want it to be there when you go looking for it!!)

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